having a verb that ends in る, it can be either an 一段 or a 五段 verb.
Identifying them is easy
Godan: /a/・/u/・/o/ る
作る、転がる、折る
Ichidan: /e/・/i/ る - With exceptions!
食べる、浴びる
Deceptive godan verbs
the exceptions to the eru-iru rule
iru
| Verb | よみかた ます | Definition | | ---- | ------- | --------------------------------- | | 愚痴る | ぐちります | to grumple, to complain | | 入る | はいります | to enter, to join | | 走る | はしります | to run | | 限る | かぎります | to limit, to restrict | | 握る | にぎります | to grip, to grasp | | 陥る | おちいります | to fall into | | 滅入る | めいります | to feel depressed | | 毟むしる | むしります | to pluck, to pick | | 捻る | ねじります | to screw, to twist | | 罵しる | ののしります | to abuse, to curse at | | 野次る | やじります | to jeer at, to catcall, to hackle |
eru
| Verb | よみかた ます | Definition | | ----- | ------- | -------------------------------------------- | | 焦る | あせります | to be in a hurry | | 火照る | ほてります | to feel hot, to flush | | 帰る | かえります | to return, to come home | | 陰る | かげります | to darken, to be clouded | | 覆る | くつがえります | to be overturned, to be overruled | | 滑る | ぬぬります | to glide, to slide, to slip | | 喋る | しゃべります | to talk, to chat | | 茂る・繁る | しげります | to grow thick, to be luxurious | | 湿気る | しけります | to get damp, to get soggy | | 滑る | すべります | to glide, to slide | | 猛る | たけります | to rage, to be excited | | 蘇る | よみがえります | to be resurrected, to be recalled (memories) |
Special Exceptions
→ i / e sound in Okurigana but still Godan
→ Kanji with just one Mora
→ Kana only words
| Verb | よみかた 〜ます | Definition | Comment | | ----- | -------- | ---------------------------------- | -------------- | | 脂る | あぶらぎります | to become greasy | | | 散る | ちります | to fall, to scatter | | | 伏せる | ふせります | to cover, to lie down | | | 減る | へります | to decrease, to diminish | | | 煎る・炒る | いります | to roast | | | 要る | いります | to need | [usually kana] | | 翔ける | かけります | to soar, to fly | | | 噛じる | かじります | to gnaw, to knibble, to bite | [usually kana] | | 蹴る | けります | to kick, to refuse | | | 切る | きります | to cut | | | 参る | まいります | to go, to come | | | 混じる | まじります | to be mixed, to be combined | | | 詰る | なじります | to rebuke, to scold | | | 阿る | おもねります | to flatter, to fawn on | [usually kana] | | 競る | せります | to compete, to bid | | | 知る | しります | to know | | | 照る | てります | to shine | | | 入る | いります | to get in, to enter | | | 煉る | ねります | to knead, to refine, to temper | | | 攀じる | よじります | to scale, to clamber up | | | 千切る | ちぎります | to tear to pieces | [usually kana] | | 穿る | ほじります | to dig up, to dig out | [usually kana] | | 迸る | ほとばしります | to surge, to well up | [usually kana] | | 弄る | いじります | to fiddle with | [usually kana] | | 軋る | きしります | to creak, to squeak | [usually kana] | | 抉る | こじります | to pry | [usually kana] | | 漲る | みなぎります | to overflow, to rise | [usually kana] | | 謗る | そしります | to slander, to libel, to criticize | [usually kana] | | 滾る | たぎります | to boil, to seethe | [usually kana] | | 魂消る | たまげります | to be astonished, to be startled | [usually kana] | | 耽る | ふけります | to indulge in, to be obsessed by | [usually kana] | | 捻る | ひねります | to twist, to wring | [usually kana] | | 抓る | つねります | to pinch | [usually kana] | | 畝る | うねります | to undulate, to meander, to twist | [usually kana] | | びびる | びびります | to be surprised, to feel nervous | | | どじる | どじります | to fail, to mess up [coll] | | | いびる | いびります | to pick on, to tease | | | せびる | せびります | to pester, to extort | | | くねる | くねります | to wriggle, to be crooked | | | のめる | のめります | to tumble forward | | | せせる | せせります | to poke, to pick at | |